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miR-196 is a non-coding RNA called a microRNA that has been shown to be expressed in human (MI0000238, MI0000279) and mouse (MI0000552, MI0000553). miR-196 appears to be a vertebrate specific microRNA and has now been predicted or experimentally confirmed in a wide range of vertebrate species (MIPF0000031). In many species the miRNA appears to be expressed from intergenic regions in HOX gene clusters. The hairpin precursors are predicted based on base pairing and cross-species conservation—their extents are not known. In this case the mature sequence is excised from the 5' arm of the hairpin.
It has been suggested that a rare SNP (rs11614913) that overlaps hsa-mir-196a2 has been found to be associated with non-small cell lung carcinoma.
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miR-196 is a non-coding RNA called a microRNA that has been shown to be expressed in human (MI0000238, MI0000279) and mouse (MI0000552, MI0000553).[1][2] miR-196 appears to be a vertebrate specific microRNA and has now been predicted or experimentally confirmed in a wide range of vertebrate species (MIPF0000031). In many species the miRNA appears to be expressed from intergenic regions in HOX gene clusters. The hairpin precursors are predicted based on base pairing and cross-species conservation—their extents are not known. In this case the mature sequence is excised from the 5' arm of the hairpin.
It has been suggested that a rare SNP (rs11614913) that overlaps hsa-mir-196a2 has been found to be associated with non-small cell lung carcinoma.[3]
[edit] References
- ^ Lagos-Quintana M, Rauhut R, Meyer J, Borkhardt A, Tuschl T (2003). "New microRNAs from mouse and human.". RNA 9 (2): 175–9. PMID 12554859.
- ^ Lim LP, Glasner ME, Yekta S, Burge CB, Bartel DP (2003). "Vertebrate microRNA genes.". Science 299 (5612): 1540. PMID 12624257.
- ^ Hu Z, Chen J, Tian T, Zhou X, Gu H, Xu L, Zeng Y, Miao R, Jin G, Ma H, Chen Y, Shen H (2008). "Genetic variants of miRNA sequences and non-small cell lung cancer survival". J Clin Invest 118 (7): 2600–8. doi:10.1172/JCI34934. PMC 2402113. PMID 18521189. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2402113/.
[edit] Further reading
- ^ Zhang XW, Pan SD, Feng YL, Liu JB, Dong J, Zhang YX, Chen JG, Hu ZB, Shen HB (2011). "[Relationship between genetic polymorphism in microRNAs precursor and genetic prediposition of hepatocellular carcinoma].". Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 45 (3): 239–43. PMID 21624236.
- ^ Georges M (2011). "The long and winding road from correlation to causation.". Nat Genet 43 (3): 180–1. doi:10.1038/ng0311-180. PMID 21350497.
- ^ Brest P, Lapaquette P, Souidi M, Lebrigand K, Cesaro A, Vouret-Craviari V, Mari B, Barbry P, Mosnier JF, Hébuterne X, Harel-Bellan A, Mograbi B, Darfeuille-Michaud A, Hofman P (2011). "A synonymous variant in IRGM alters a binding site for miR-196 and causes deregulation of IRGM-dependent xenophagy in Crohn's disease.". Nat Genet 43 (3): 242–5. doi:10.1038/ng.762. PMID 21278745.
- ^ Chen C, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Weakley SM, Yao Q (2011). "MicroRNA-196: critical roles and clinical applications in development and cancer.". J Cell Mol Med 15 (1): 14–23. doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01219.x. PMID 21091634.
- ^ Scagnolari C, Zingariello P, Vecchiet J, Selvaggi C, Racciatti D, Taliani G, Riva E, Pizzigallo E, Antonelli G (2010). "Differential expression of interferon-induced microRNAs in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection treated with pegylated interferon alpha.". Virol J 7: 311. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-7-311. PMC 2996368. PMID 21070682. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2996368/.
- ^ Li Y, Zhang M, Chen H, Dong Z, Ganapathy V, Thangaraju M, Huang S (2010). "Ratio of miR-196s to HOXC8 messenger RNA correlates with breast cancer cell migration and metastasis.". Cancer Res 70 (20): 7894–904. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1675. PMC 2955846. PMID 20736365. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2955846/.
- ^ Guan Y, Mizoguchi M, Yoshimoto K, Hata N, Shono T, Suzuki SO, Araki Y, Kuga D, Nakamizo A, Amano T, Ma X, Hayashi K, Sasaki T (2010). "MiRNA-196 is upregulated in glioblastoma but not in anaplastic astrocytoma and has prognostic significance.". Clin Cancer Res 16 (16): 4289–97. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-0207. PMID 20601442.
- ^ Asli NS, Kessel M (2010). "Spatiotemporally restricted regulation of generic motor neuron programs by miR-196-mediated repression of Hoxb8.". Dev Biol 344 (2): 857–68. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.06.003. PMID 20553899.
- ^ Schotte D, Lange-Turenhout EA, Stumpel DJ, Stam RW, Buijs-Gladdines JG, Meijerink JP, Pieters R, Den Boer ML (2010). "Expression of miR-196b is not exclusively MLL-driven but is especially linked to activation of HOXA genes in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.". Haematologica 95 (10): 1675–82. doi:10.3324/haematol.2010.023481. PMC 2948092. PMID 20494936. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2948092/.
- ^ Hou W, Tian Q, Zheng J, Bonkovsky HL (2010). "MicroRNA-196 represses Bach1 protein and hepatitis C virus gene expression in human hepatoma cells expressing hepatitis C viral proteins.". Hepatology 51 (5): 1494–504. doi:10.1002/hep.23401. PMC 2862129. PMID 20127796. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862129/.
- ^ McGlinn E, Yekta S, Mansfield JH, Soutschek J, Bartel DP, Tabin CJ (2009). "In ovo application of antagomiRs indicates a role for miR-196 in patterning the chick axial skeleton through Hox gene regulation.". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106 (44): 18610–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.0910374106. PMC 2773993. PMID 19846767. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2773993/.
- ^ Sehm T, Sachse C, Frenzel C, Echeverri K (2009). "miR-196 is an essential early-stage regulator of tail regeneration, upstream of key spinal cord patterning events.". Dev Biol 334 (2): 468–80. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.08.008. PMID 19682983.
- ^ Popovic R, Riesbeck LE, Velu CS, Chaubey A, Zhang J, Achille NJ, Erfurth FE, Eaton K, Lu J, Grimes HL, Chen J, Rowley JD, Zeleznik-Le NJ (2009). "Regulation of mir-196b by MLL and its overexpression by MLL fusions contributes to immortalization.". Blood 113 (14): 3314–22. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-04-154310. PMC 2665896. PMID 19188669. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2665896/.
- ^ Sonkoly E, Ståhle M, Pivarcsi A (2008). "MicroRNAs and immunity: novel players in the regulation of normal immune function and inflammation.". Semin Cancer Biol 18 (2): 131–40. doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2008.01.005. PMID 18291670.
- ^ Woltering JM, Durston AJ (2008). "MiR-10 represses HoxB1a and HoxB3a in zebrafish.". PLoS ONE 3 (1): e1396. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001396. PMC 2148072. PMID 18167555. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2148072/.
- ^ Richardson MK, Crooijmans RP, Groenen MA (2007). "Sequencing and genomic annotation of the chicken (Gallus gallus) Hox clusters, and mapping of evolutionarily conserved regions.". Cytogenet Genome Res 117 (1-4): 110–9. doi:10.1159/000103171. PMID 17675851.
- ^ Kawasaki H, Taira K (2004). "MicroRNA-196 inhibits HOXB8 expression in myeloid differentiation of HL60 cells.". Nucleic Acids Symp Ser (Oxf) (48): 211–2. doi:10.1093/nass/48.1.211. PMID 17150553.
- ^ Chopra VS, Mishra RK (2006). ""Mir"acles in hox gene regulation.". Bioessays 28 (5): 445–8. doi:10.1002/bies.20401. PMID 16615131.
- ^ Ronshaugen M, Biemar F, Piel J, Levine M, Lai EC (2005). "The Drosophila microRNA iab-4 causes a dominant homeotic transformation of halteres to wings.". Genes Dev 19 (24): 2947–52. doi:10.1101/gad.1372505. PMC 1315399. PMID 16357215. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1315399/.
- ^ Hornstein E, Mansfield JH, Yekta S, Hu JK, Harfe BD, McManus MT, Baskerville S, Bartel DP, Tabin CJ (2005). "The microRNA miR-196 acts upstream of Hoxb8 and Shh in limb development.". Nature 438 (7068): 671–4. doi:10.1038/nature04138. PMID 16319892.
- ^ Yekta S, Shih IH, Bartel DP (2004). "MicroRNA-directed cleavage of HOXB8 mRNA.". Science 304 (5670): 594–6. doi:10.1126/science.1097434. PMID 15105502.
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