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miRBase |
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![]() 2 publications mentioning egr-mir-71Open access articles that are associated with the species Echinococcus granulosus and mention the gene name mir-71. Click the [+] symbols to view sentences that include the gene name, or the word cloud on the right for a summary. |
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Other miRNAs from this paper: egr-let-7, egr-mir-1, egr-mir-2a, egr-mir-2b, egr-mir-2c, egr-mir-7, egr-mir-9, egr-mir-87, egr-mir-124a, egr-mir-124b, egr-mir-125, egr-mir-190, egr-mir-277a, egr-mir-184, egr-mir-4989, egr-mir-4990, egr-mir-4991, egr-bantam, egr-mir-61, egr-mir-31, egr-mir-2162, egr-mir-3479a, egr-mir-281, egr-mir-36a, egr-mir-133, egr-mir-1992, egr-mir-36b, egr-mir-2d, egr-mir-307, egr-mir-3479b, egr-mir-277b, egr-mir-96, egr-mir-7b
The top five most abundant miRNAs expressed in Echinococcus samples are shown in Figure 4. Interestingly, two miRNAs, miR-71 and let-7, were the most abundantly expressed miRNAs in all the analyzed samples, accounting for about 50% of the total miRNA expression in each sample, suggesting that these miRNAs are essential for Echinococcus survival in the intermediate host.
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High expression of miR-71 was also observed across platyhelminths such as the cestodes Taenia multiceps [58] and Taenia saginata [59] and the trematode S. japonicum [43, 60], having this miRNA the highest number of predicted targets in S. mansoni [61].
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Expression levels of highly expressed miRNAs (miR-71, miR-9, let-7 and miR-4989) were further validated by RT-qPCR in CWG7 and PSG7 samples (Additional file 4).
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In Echinococcus, highly expressed miRNAs that are absent from vertebrate hosts, such as miR-71, miR-4989 (miR-277 family) and bantam, or that are divergent from host homolog miRNAs (Figure 7), for example let-7, could be evaluated as candidate targets for diagnosis or intervention strategies.
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In coincidence with our results, miR-71, let-7 and miR-1 were recently reported among the top 5 most expressed miRNAs in E. granulosus s. s. G1 protoscoleces and cysts [37].
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Relative quantification between PSG7 and CWG7 was performed using the 2 [-∆∆CT] method [33] using miR-71-5p as endogenous control since it was found to be consistently expressed in both sample types.
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However, miR-71, a bilaterian miRNA absent in vertebrates, is known to be involved in C. elegans lifespan regulation [62] and stress responses [63].
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In particular, miR-71 and let-7 were among the most abundant miRNAs in all samples analyzed.
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Additional file 4: Expression level of selected miRNAs measured by RT-qPCR relative to miR-71 in each Echinococcus canadensis G7 stage.
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This file contains a supplemental figure that shows the miRNA expression profile of fifteen randomly selected miRNAs relative to miR-71 in CWG7 and PSG7 samples measured by RT-qPCR.
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So far, there is no information about the function of miR-71 and let-7 in Echinococcus.
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Since the metacestode lives long term in the hostile host environment, probably producing molecules to modulate the host immune response [51] it would be interesting to determine whether miR-71 is involved in responding to the stress induced by the immune system of the host and/or the longevity of the parasite.
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Other miRNAs from this paper: sme-bantam-a, sme-bantam-b, sme-bantam-c-1, sme-let-7a, sme-let-7b, sme-let-7c, sme-mir-7a, sme-mir-7b, sme-mir-7c, sme-mir-10b, sme-mir-12, sme-mir-31a, sme-mir-31b-1, sme-mir-71a-1, sme-mir-71a-2, sme-mir-71b, sme-mir-71c, sme-mir-92, sme-mir-124a, sme-mir-124b, sme-mir-125a, sme-mir-125b, sme-mir-184, sme-mir-277a, sme-mir-277b, sme-mir-277c, sme-mir-278, sme-mir-750, sme-mir-277d, sme-mir-10a, sme-let-7d, sme-mir-216, sme-mir-1175, sme-mir-7d, sme-mir-2160-1, sme-mir-96a, sme-mir-96b, sme-mir-315, sme-mir-76, sme-mir-31b-2, sme-mir-2160-2, sme-bantam-c-2, sme-mir-31b-3, egr-let-7, egr-mir-7, egr-mir-10a, egr-mir-124a, egr-mir-124b, egr-mir-125, egr-mir-277a, egr-mir-184, egr-mir-4989, egr-bantam, egr-mir-31, egr-mir-3479a, egr-mir-3479b, egr-mir-277b, egr-mir-96
In the present study, besides two published miRNA clusters, miR-71/2b/2d and miR-277/4988 [25], we identified two additional miRNA clusters located in closed loci (EG_S00041: 46,144-53,961 and pathogen_EMU_scaffold_007768: 2,420,386-2,428,006) in the genomes of both E. granulosus and E. multilocularis (Figure 2a).
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