Cel-lin-4, a microRNA from Caenorhabditis elegans, exhibits high expression levels in young adult hermaphrodites, although these levels are influenced by the age of the adult [PMC3282659]. It is utilized as a normalization control in RNA isolation from serum due to its consistent detection in qRT-PCR assays [PMC3854222], [PMC4648542]. Specifically, 6 μL of 1 nM cel-lin-4 are added to serum samples during RNA isolation to ensure accurate normalization [PMC4951333]. Additionally, cel-lin-4 is employed as a negative control in assays due to its absence of expression in human tissues [PMC2383925], and it is used alongside other negative controls such as ath-mir159a and cel-miR-2 for validating the specificity of miRNA detection assays [PMC1874652]. The relative expression levels of other miRNAs, such as miRNA-29c, are normalized against cel-lin-4 using a logarithmic equation based on threshold cycle (Ct) differences [PMC3696003]. Despite its use for normalization purposes, no significant differences were observed in the raw Ct values of cel-lin-4 among different groups (AIH, CHC, and control) when recombinant cel-lin-4 was added to samples; hence cel-miR39 was used instead for normalization in these cases [PMC4648542]. The expression levels of miRNAs are calculated using the 2−ΔΔCt method where ΔΔCt represents the normalized Ct differences relative to controls or calibrators [PMC5641166].
 
                            --a --- g -uU U C A u - u ugcuu ccg ccug CCC GAGA CUCA GUGUGAg gua c a ||||| ||| |||| ||| |||| |||| ||||||| ||| | acgag ggc ggaC GGG CUCU GGGU CACAcuu cgu g u uag uuu a CAU C C C - a u
| Accession | MIMAT0000002 | 
| Description | Caenorhabditis elegans cel-lin-4-5p mature miRNA | 
| Sequence | 16 - UCCCUGAGACCUCAAGUGUGA - 36 | 
| Evidence | experimental cloned [1,3-4], 454 [5], Illumina [6], CLIPseq [7] | 
| Database links |   | 
| Predicted targets |   | 
| Accession | MIMAT0015092 | 
| Description | Caenorhabditis elegans cel-lin-4-3p mature miRNA | 
| Sequence | 55 - ACACCUGGGCUCUCCGGGUACC - 76 | 
| Evidence | experimental CLIPseq [7] | 
| Database links |   |